# TEXT1
主语: 主语
谓语: 谓语
宾语: 宾语
定语: 定语
状语: 状语
# 段落 1
# 语句 1
In spite of "endless talk of difference", American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.
# 语法
In spite of "endless talk of difference", American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.
状语: In spite of "endless talk of difference"
主语: society
谓语: is
宾语: machine
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| in spite of | phere | 虽然…… 但是 |
| homogenizing | v | 使.. 均匀；使.. 统一 |
# 翻译
虽然 "差异的争论永无止境", 但是美国社会是一个同化人的奇迹机器.
# 标准翻译
尽管，“人们无休止地谈论美国社会的差异”，但是，美国社会是一台将人们都同化的神奇机器
# 语句 2
There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.
# 语法
There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.
主语: There
谓语: is
宾语: culture
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| dress | n | 服装 |
| democratizing | v | 使... 民主化 |
| uniform | n | 校服；制服； |
| adj | 统一的；一样的 | |
| uniformity | n | 统一性；一致；一样 |
| discourse | n | 谈话；话语 |
| casualness | n | 随意；漫不经心；偶然 |
| absence | n | 缺席；不存在 |
| in the absence of | phere | （人）不在时 |
# 翻译
这里的流行文化流行文化里有，服装和谈话的一样的民主化和统一性，松散且缺少不同
# 标准翻译
美国社会的流行文化中，有着服装和话语（用语）平民化、统一化、自由随意和不拘小节等特点。
# 语句 3
People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
# 语法
People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
主语: People
谓语: are absorbed into
宾语: culture
定从: that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| be absorbed into sth | phere | 使并入 |
| vast array of | phere | 大量的；多种多样的 |
| consumption | n | 消费 |
| department stores | n | 百货商店；百货公司 |
# 翻译
人们吸收来自百货公司推行的一种 "消费文化", 在一个优雅的氛围下提供大量的商品.
分析: be done ... by 被动语句
# 标准翻译
人们被 19 世纪百货公司所开创的 “消费文化” 所吸引，这些百货公司 “在装饰优雅的货架上，提供了琳琅满目的商品”。
# 语句 4
Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.
# 语法
Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were++{.dot .warning} +stores++{.wavy} anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.
状语: Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elit
主句: these were stores
- 主语: these
- 谓语: were
- 宾语: stores
定从: anyone could enter, regardless of class or background
- 主语: anyone
- 谓语: could enter
- 状语: regardless of class or background
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| intimate | adj | 亲密的（指身体的接触）；隐私的；温馨的；精通的；暧昧的 |
| cater to | phere | 迎合 |
| Instead of | phere | 而不是 |
| department stores | n | 百货商店；百货公司 |
# 翻译
与那些迎合知识渊博的精英阶级的私人商店不同，这些百货公司无论什么背景和阶级都可以进入
** 分析:** 不要少翻译单词
# 标准翻译
与那些面向知识精英的私人商店不同，这些商店是任何人都可以进入的，无论他是任何阶级或背景的人
# 语句 5
This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.
# 语法
This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.
- 主语: This
- 谓语: turned A into B
- 宾语: a public and democratic act
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| turn A into B | phere | 把 A 变成 B |
| democratic | adj | 大众的，就是 public 的意思 |
# 翻译
这将购物转换为公开的，大众的行为
# 标准翻译
这使得购物成为一种公开的、大众的行为
# 语句 6
The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
# 语法
The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
主语: The mass media, advertising and sports
谓语: are
宾语: other forces
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| intimate | adj | 亲密的（指身体的接触）；隐私的；温馨的；精通的；暧昧的 |
| cater to | phere | 迎合 |
| Instead of | phere | 而不是 |
| department stores | n | 百货商店；百货公司 |
# 翻译
大众媒体，广告，运动 都是为了同化的其它力量
# 标准翻译
大众媒体、广告和体育也是推动同化的其他力量
# 第二段
# 语句 1
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.
# 语法
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.
状语: Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,
主句: Immigrants
- 主语: Immigrants
- 谓语: are quickly fitting into
- 宾语: this common culture
同位语: which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous
- 主语: Immigrants
- 谓语: may not be; is
- 状语: altogether elevating; poisonous
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| elevating | adj | 有趣的；发人深省的；启发的 |
# 翻译
移民者快速的融入大众文化，可能没有有趣但也没有那么有害
# 标准翻译
移民们很快就融入了这种共同的文化，这种文化也许没有那么高尚，但也没有那么有害。
# 语句 2
Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation
# 语法
Writing for the National Immigration Forum,
Gregory Rodriguez reports
that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation
状语: Writing for the National Immigration Forum
主句: Gregory Rodriguez reports
- 主语: Gregory Rodriguez
- 谓语: reports
宾从: that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation
- 主语: today's immigration
- 谓语: is
- 状语: neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| unprecedented | adj | 史无前例的 |
| resistant | phere | 迎合 |
| neither...nor... | phere | ：既不... 也不... |
# 翻译
如国家移民局所写的，乔格里・罗德瑞斯 报道的，如今的移民既不是空前的水平也不没有抵抗同化
分析: ving + for 表目的，状语
# 标准翻译
为国家移民论坛撰文的格雷戈里・罗德里格斯指出，今天的移民既没有达到前所未有的水平，也没有抵制同化。
# 语句 3
In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent
# 语法
In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent
状语: In 1998; in 1900
主句: In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population
- 主语: immigrants
- 谓语: were
- 宾语: 9.8 percent of the population
省略句：13.6 percent
- 主语: immigrants
- 谓语: were
- 宾语: 13.6 percent
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
# 翻译
1998 年移民是人口的 9.8%, 而 1900 年是 13.6%
分析: 翻译不要少主语
# 标准翻译
998 年，移民占人口的 9.8%；1900 年是 13.6%
# 语句 4
In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents;
# 语法
In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents;in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.
状语: In the 10 years prior to 1990
- 主语: immigrants
- 谓语: arrived for
- 宾语: every 1,000 residents
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| prior to | phere | 在前面的 |
# 翻译
在 1990 年的前 10 年，每 1000 个居民中有 3.1 个移民；在 1890 的前 10 年，每 1000 个居民中有 9.2 个移民者
# 标准翻译
在 1990 年之前的 10 年里，每 1000 个居民中就有 3.1 个移民；在 1890 年之前的 10 年里，每 1000 人中就有 9.2 人
# 语句 5
Now, consider three indices of assimilation language, home ownership and intermarriage
# 语法
Now, consider three indices of assimilation language, home ownership and intermarriage.
- 谓语: consider
- 宾语: three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| indices | n | 指数 |
| ownership | phere | 所有权；产权；物主身份 |
| intermarriage. | n | 通婚 |
# 翻译
现在，考虑同化的三个指数：语言，所有权和通婚
** 分析:** 所有权，也对，但是这里更偏向产权
# 标准翻译
现在，我们来看看同化的三个指标 —— 语言、房屋所有权和通婚
# 第三段
# 语句 1
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.”
# 语法
The 1990 Census revealed
that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin {spoke}{.dot .warming} English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.”
状语:
主句: The 1990 Census revealed
- 主语: Census
- 谓语: revealed
宾从: a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence
- 主语: immigrants
- 谓语: spoke
- 状语: English ‘well’ or ‘very well’
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| revealed | vt. | 揭示；揭露 |
# 翻译
1990 年的人口普查显示，"在居住 10 年后，来自 15 个一般国家的大部分的移民者说英语" 很好 "或者" 非常好 "
分析:
- 普遍要比一般更好
- from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin 做后置定语
- after ten years of residence 状语
# 标准翻译
1990 年的人口普查显示，“来自 15 个最普遍的原籍国家的大多数移民在居住 10 年后，英语都会说得不错，或者是相当好。”
# 语句 2
The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English
# 语法
The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English.
- 主语: The children of immigrants
- 谓语: are quickly fitting into
- 宾语: this common culture
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| bilingual | adj | 双语的；使用两种语言的 |
| proficient (in) | adj | 熟练的；精通的 |
# 翻译
移民者的孩子往往是双语的而且熟练英语
** 分析:**proficient 修饰 English
# 标准翻译
移民的孩子往往会说两种语言，精通英语。
# 语句 3
“By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”
# 语法
“By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”
状语: By the third generation
- 主语: the original language
- 谓语: is
- 宾语: lost in the majority of immigrant families
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|
# 翻译
到了第三代，大部分移民家庭中母语已经消失
# 标准翻译
“到了第三代，大多数移民家庭的母语就消失了。”
# 语句 4
Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.
# 语法
Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.
- 主语: the description of America
- 谓语: as
- 宾语: a “graveyard” for languages
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| elevating | adj | 有趣的；发人深省的；启发的 |
# 翻译
因此，美国被描述为语言的 "墓地"
# 标准翻译
因此，美国被描述为语言的 “墓地”。
# 语句 5
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans
# 语法
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent,
higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans
状语: Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,
主句: By 1996 foreign-born immigrants had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, ..., higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans
- 主语: By 1996 foreign-born immigrants
- 谓语: had
- 宾语: home ownership rate of 75.6 percent
定从: who had arrived before 1970
- 主语: Immigrants
- 谓语: may not be; is
- 状语: altogether elevating; poisonous
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| elevating | adj | 有趣的；发人深省的；启发的 |
# 翻译
直到 1996 年，1970 年前到达的出生外国的移民者房屋占有比例为 75.6%, 比本地出生的美国人的 69.8% 要高
** 分析:** 结构不熟悉
# 标准翻译
到 1996 年，1970 年以前到达美国的外国出生移民拥有住房的比率为 75.6%，高于土生土长的美国人的 69.8%
# 第四段
# 语句 1
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”
# 语法
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”
- 主语: Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics
- 谓语: are quickly fitting into
- 宾语: this common culture
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| intermarriage | n | 通婚 |
# 翻译
与美国出生的黑人和白人相比，出生再国外的亚洲人和西班牙人有更高的通婚率比例
分析: 不是 compare to
# 标准翻译
在国外出生的亚洲人和西班牙人 “比在美国出生的白人和黑人有更高的异族通婚率。”
# 语句 2
By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians
# 语法
By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians
并列句: one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics
- 主语: one third of Hispanic women
- 谓语: are married to
- 宾语: non-Hispanics
并列句: 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians
- 主语: 41 percent of Asian-American women
- 谓语: are married to
- 状语: non-Asians
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|
# 翻译
截止到第三代，三分之一的西班牙女性与非西班牙人结婚，并且 41% 的亚裔美国女性与非亚洲人结婚
** 分析:** 标准答案不尊重女性
# 标准翻译
截止到第三代，三分之一的西班牙女性与非西班牙人结婚，并且 41% 的亚裔美国女性与非亚洲人结婚
# 第五段
# 语句 1
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,
yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
# 语法
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,
yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
状语: Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,
主句: Rodriguez notes
- 主语: Rodriguez
- 谓语: notes
宾从: that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks
- 主语: children
- 谓语: are
- 宾语: fans
转折: yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
- 主语: some Americans
- 谓语: fear
宾从: that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.
- 主语: immigrants
- 谓语: remain
- 宾语: immune to the nation’s assimilative power
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| immune | adj | 免疫的 |
# 翻译
罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远村庄的孩子们都是阿诺德・施瓦辛格和加斯・布鲁克斯等超级巨星的粉丝，但是一些美国人害怕，一些生活再美国的移民者仍然免疫再一定程度上免疫国家同化力量
# 标准翻译
罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远乡村的孩子们都是阿诺德・施瓦辛格和加斯・布鲁克斯等超级明星的粉丝；但是，“一些美国人担心，生活在美国的移民，在某种程度上对美国的同化力量免疫（不受美国同化力的影响）。”
# 第六段
# 语句 1
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?
# 语法
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?
状语:
- 主语: there
- 谓语: Are divisive
- 宾语: issues and pockets of seething anger
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| divide | vt | 分开；分裂 |
| division | n | 分开；分裂 |
| divisive | adj | 分裂的；引起分歧的 |
| seethe | vt | 怒火中烧；沸腾 |
| n | 小团体；小组织；小块地区 |
# 翻译
在美国，没有引起分歧问题和小区域的极度愤怒？
# 标准翻译
罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远乡村的孩子们都是阿诺德・施瓦辛格和加斯・布鲁克斯等超级明星的粉丝；但是，“一些美国人担心，生活在美国的移民，在某种程度上对美国的同化力量免疫（不受美国同化力的影响）。”
# 语句 2
Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything.
# 语法
Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything.
- 主语: It
- 谓语: is
- 宾语: to have a bit of everything.
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|
# 翻译
的确。它足够大，什么都有一点
# 标准翻译
罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远乡村的孩子们都是阿诺德・施瓦辛格和加斯・布鲁克斯等超级明星的粉丝；但是，“一些美国人担心，生活在美国的移民，在某种程度上对美国的同化力量免疫（不受美国同化力的影响）。”
# 语句 3
But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
# 语法
But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
# 词汇
| 词汇 | 词性 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| immune | adj | 免疫的 |
| view against | phere | 审视；看到 |
| turbulent | adj | 动荡的；骚乱的；湍急的 |
| immune | adj | 免疫的 |
| suggest | v | 暗示；间接表明；意味着 |
| deteriorate | vt | 恶化 |
# 翻译
但是，尤其是，当审视美国混乱的过去，现今的社会指数很难表示环境的
# 标准翻译
但是，特别地，与美国动荡的过去相比，今天的社会指数并不能说明社会环境是黑暗和恶化的。
# 问题
# Q1
The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means.
# Q2
According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century.
# Q3
The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S..
# Q4
The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S..
# Q5
In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is .
大道五十，天衍四十九，人遁其一！
